Will male semen quality improve with environmental quality? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Wenzhou has improved its environmental quality because of comprehensive environmental remediation; nevertheless, the semen quality of infertile males remains unclear. This study determined whether better environmental quality improved semen quality in this region. We recorded semen quality data from 22 962 infertile males from January 2014 to November 2019 at the Center for Reproductive Health of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China). Patients were predominantly 30-35 years old (33.1%) and workers (82.0%), with high school education or lower (77.6%); more than a half of the patients (52.6%) were Wenzhou household registration; and most patients (77.5%) had abnormal semen quality. Patients who were older than 40 years and workers, and those with Wenzhou household registration, had significantly worse semen quality (all P < 0.05). From 2014 to 2019, progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume showed increasing linear trends in all patients (P = 0.021, 0.030, and 0.005, respectively), yet normal sperm morphology showed a linearly decreasing trend (P = 0.046). Sensitivity analyses for subgroups yielded similar results. In conclusion, the improvement of environmental quality and better function of the accessory glands are associated with progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and semen volume. Normal sperm morphology is influenced by occupational exposures and personal lifestyle and does not improve with environmental quality.

Programa educativo sobre cáncer de mama para mujeres del Consultorio Médico 028-2. Manicaragua / Educational program on breast cancer for women of the Doctor´s Office 028-2. Manicaragua, Cuba

Fundamento: el cáncer de mama representa un problema sanitario mundial por su alta incidencia; en la actualidad este es el de tipo de cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres. Objetivo: desarrollar un programa educativo sobre el cáncer de mama dirigido a las mujeres del Consultorio Médico 028-2, del Policlínico Docente "50 Aniversario", en Manicaragua. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio prexperimental de intervención educativa evaluado por especialistas, en el Consultorio Médico 028-2, del Policlínico Docente "50 Aniversario" del municipio Manicaragua, entre enero 2021-enero 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis documental, encuesta y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los datos investigados. Resultados: predominaron las edades de 45 a 54 años, la mayoría no tenían antecedentes patológicos personales y sus conocimientos sobre cómo prevenir la enfermedad eran insuficientes, por lo que se diseñó un programa educativo, el cual fue valorado por criterios de especialistas. Conclusiones: después de ser valorado como adecuado, fue aplicado con muy buenos resultados entre las féminas; este programa se alerta sobre la necesidad de intensificar la labor educativa del médico y demás personal involucrado en la atención a las mujeres para que desarrollen conciencia sobre la importancia de la detección temprana de esta neoplasia.

Background: breast cancer represents a global health problem due to its high incidence; at present this is the most frequent type of cancer in women. Objective: to develop an educational program on breast cancer aimed at the women of the Doctor´Office 028-2, of the "50th Anniversary" Teaching Polyclinic, in Manicaragua. Methods: a pre-experimental study of educational intervention was developed, evaluated by specialists, in the Medical Office 028-2, of the "50 Aniversario" Teaching Polyclinic of the Manicaragua municipality, from January 2021 to January 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive -deductive and historical-logical; Empirical ones: documentary, survey and mathematical-statistical for the analysis of the investigated data. Results: the ages of 45 to 54 years predominated, the majority had no past medical history and their knowledge on how to prevent the disease was insufficient, for which an educational program was designed, which was assessed by specialist criteria. Conclusions: after being evaluated as adequate, it was applied with very good results among the females; the need to intensify the educational work of the physician and other personnel involved in caring for women is alerted so that they develop awareness of the importance of early detection of this neoplasm.

Programa educativo para prevenir la leptospirosis en una zona rural de Jibacoa, Manicaragua, Cuba / Educational program to prevent leptospirosis in a rural area of Jibacoa, Manicaragua, Cuba

Fundamento: la leptospirosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial que puede presentarse en zonas urbanas y rurales cuyo evidente resurgimiento se ilustra en los brotes recientes en todos los continentes. Objetivo: desarrollar un programa educativo sobre la leptospirosis en el Consultorio Médico 036-11, del poblado de Jibacoa, Manicaragua. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio prexperimental de intervención educativa aprobado por especialistas, en el Consultorio Médico 036-11, de Jibacoa, Manicaragua entre marzo 2020-marzo 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis documental y cuestionario; y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: en el diagnóstico realizado predominaron los trabajadores del sexo masculino, la mayoría de ellos con riesgos para contraer la leptospirosis, la presencia de animales domésticos y roedores, e inadecuados conocimientos sobre la enfermedad. El análisis de situación de salud permitió caracterizar la comunidad rural con condiciones favorables para la proliferación de las leptospiras, por lo que se diseñó un programa educativo para capacitar a los habitantes del lugar sobre el tema, el cual valorado por criterios de especialistas. Conclusiones: después de valorado como adecuado se aplicó y demostró su efectividad al modificar positivamente los conocimientos de los habitantes en riesgo dentro de esa comunidad rural.

Background: leptospirosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution that can occur in urban and rural areas whose evident resurgence is illustrated in recent outbreaks on all continents. Objective: to develop an educational program on leptospirosis in the Doctor´s Office 036-11, in the town of Jibacoa, Manicaragua. Methods: a pre-experimental study of educational intervention approved by specialists was carried out at Doctor´s Office 036-11, in Jibacoa, Manicaragua from March 2020 to March 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical-logical; empirical: documentary analysis and questionnaire; and mathematical-statistical for the analysis of the data found. Results: male workers predominated in the diagnosis, most of them at risk of contracting leptospirosis, the presence of domestic animals and rodents, and inadequate knowledge about the disease. The analysis of the health situation allowed to characterize the rural community with favorable conditions for the proliferation of leptospirosis, for which an educational program was designed to train the inhabitants of the place on the subject, which was valued by specialist criteria. Conclusions: after being assessed as adequate, it was applied and demonstrated its effectiveness by positively modifying the knowledge of the inhabitants at risk within that rural community.

Current situation and problems of radioactive fallout monitoring by the Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network in China / 中国辐射卫生

This paper investigates the current situation of fallout sample collection and preparation as well as radioactivity measurement methods in the Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network in China, analyzes the radioactivity levels of fallout nationwide in recent years, summarizes the problems in fallout measurement, and puts forward suggestions for improving fallout monitoring.

Prevalencia del síndrome del edificio enfermo en trabajadores de la industria manufacturera / Prevalence of sick building syndrome in manufacturing industry workers

El síndrome del edificio enfermo, se refiere a un conjunto de síntomas generales en mucosa (ocular y/o respiratoria) y piel que presentan los ocupantes de edificaciones con calidad ambiental deficientes, exponiendo a sus ocupantes a factores de riesgos físicos, mecánicos, químicos, biológicos y psicosociales, que puede afectar negativamente la salud y productividad de las personas. Con el propósito de determinar la frecuencia de los síntomas de los ocupantes de una industria manufacturera del Perú, se realizó estudio transversal aplicándose a 237 trabajadores, estratificados por áreas laborales, el cuestionario sugerido por el Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo, además de evaluar la condición ambiental mediante la determinación de bioaerosoles cultivables y contables. Los resultados mostraron prevalencia superior al 20% en síntomas como: sequedad en ojos y garganta, picor en garganta congestión nasal, dolor de cabeza y debilidad general. Se tomaron, cuantificaron y caracterizaron 164 muestras de bioaerosoles, los microrganismos encontrados con mayor porcentaje fueron, Aspergillus sp. 54,68% (68) en el área administrativa, mientras que en las áreas de producción y almacén predomino Penicillium sp. con 87,10% (108) y 62,21% (77) respectivamente. Otros géneros encontrados en mayor porcentajes, en las tres áreas fueron: Trichoderma, Acremonium, Monilia, Cladosporium, entre otros. Los hallazgos se correlacionan con lo reportado en diversas investigaciones, la presencia de mencionados hongos, sugiere que existe una inadecuada calidad ambiental y aunada a la prevalencia obtenida en cuanto a sintomatología, se puede clasificar la edificación objeto de estudio con el Síndrome del edificio enfermo(AU)

Sick building syndrome refers to a set of general mucosal (ocular and/or respiratory) and skin symptoms presented by occupants of buildings with poor environmental quality, exposing their occupants to physical, mechanical, chemical, biological and psychosocial, which can negatively affect the health and productivity of people. In order to determine the frequency of the symptoms of the occupants of a manufacturing industry in Peru, a cross-sectional study was carried out, applying to 237 workers, stratified by work areas, the questionnaire suggested by the National Institute of Hygiene and Safety at Work, in addition to to evaluate the environmental condition by determining cultivable and countable bioaerosols. The results showed a prevalence greater than 20% in symptoms such as: dry eyes and throat, itchy throat, nasal congestion, headache and general weakness. 164 samples of bioaerosols were taken, quantified and characterized, the microorganisms found with the highest percentage were Aspergillus sp. 54.68% (68) in the administrative area, while in the production and storage areas, Penicillium sp. with 87.10% (108) and 62.21% (77) respectively. Other genera found in higher percentages in the three areas were: Trichoderma, Acremonium, Monilia, Cladosporium, among others. The findings correlate with what has been reported in various investigations, the presence of these fungi suggests that there is an inadequate environmental quality and, together with the prevalence obtained in terms of symptoms, the building under study can be classified with the Sick Building Syndrome(AU)

Evaluation of soil environmental quality of cultivated land in the Donghe River Basin of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province by three methods / 环境与职业医学

Background Heavy metal pollution in cultivated land will affect crop yield and quality, as well as groundwater quality, ecological security, and human health. Objective To analyze the pollution status of heavy metal elements such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in cultivated soils of the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City, and to evaluate the environmental quality of local cultivated soil. Methods A total of 16 samples of cultivated soil from the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City were collected, and the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method (the evaluation indicators included both Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and single pollution index), the geological accumulation index method, and the potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the soil environmental quality. Results The average levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the soil samples in the study area were 58.25, 49.50, 273.88, 137.76, 2.92, and 672.29 mg·kg−1, respectively. The average values of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were all exceeded the background values of soil elements in Hunan Province. The single pollution indices of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil were 4.40, 9.74, 5.85, and 1.15 respectively. The contamination of As and Pb reached 93.75% and 81.25% respectively. The geological accumulation indices of soil As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 2.11, 3.71, 2.97, and 0.58, respectively, which showed heavy Cd pollution, moderate As and Pb pollution, and slight Zn pollution. The potential ecological hazard indices of soil Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd were 1.63, 9.07, 2.90, 87.75, 113.18, and 695.76. 81.Twenty five percent of Cd samples showed heavy pollution and above, and 62.50% of Pb samples had moderate pollution and above. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was 7.72, which belonged to heavy pollution; and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 910.29, which belonged to high ecological risk. Conclusion There are certain differences in the results of different evaluation methods. The cultivated soils of the Donghe River Basin in Chenzhou City, is seriously polluted by heavy metals, and Cd, As, and Pb are the main polluting elements.

Geohelmintos y parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo como indicadores de calidad ambiental en el distrito de José Crespo y Castillo, Huánuco / Geohelminths and physicochemical parameters of the soil as indicators of environmental quality in José Crespo y Castillo, Huánuco district

En la investigación se determinaron la presencia de geohelmintos y se evaluó la calidad ambiental del suelo mediante parámetros fisicoquímicos en el distrito de José Crespo y Castillo ­ Huánuco, Perú. Se detectaron y cuantificaron los geohelmintos, se caracterizó los perfiles modales y propiedades fisicoquímicas en función del Soil Taxonomy, y contraste con el estándar de calidad para el cadmio (Cd) y determinación del índice de calidad ambiental del suelo empleando el análisis de componentes principales. Los perfiles modales son Fluventic Eutrudepts, Lithic Udorthents, Typic Dystrudepts, Typic Dystrudepts - Lithic Udorthents, Typic Dystrudepts - Typic Endoaquents, Typic Endoaquents, Typic Eutrudepts - Typic Eutrudepts, Typic Udifluvents y Typic Udorthents; los parámetros fisicoquímicos textura, pH, materia orgánica, nitrógeno, fosforo disponible, potasio disponible, cadmio disponible, capacidad de intercambio catiónico efectivo, calcio, magnesio, aluminio, hidrogeno, bases y ácidos cambiables y porcentaje de saturación de aluminio, determinando que el cadmio disponible se encuentra dentro de los estándares de calidad ambiental del Perú; y el índice de calidad ambiental del suelo es de 41,48%, teniendo la calificación de un suelo regular de calidad ambiental. Y la contaminación por Ascaris lumbricoides fue en 25 de las calicatas (55,56%), presente en los 8 tipos de suelos catalogados, seguida de las unicinarias representadas por Necator americano y Ancylostoma duodenale en 14 calicatas (31,11%) de pH ligeramente a medianamente acido, y Taenias y Capilaria, ambos en el 8,29%; los geohelmintos como riesgo de salud pública, permanecen por largo de tiempo en el suelo, independientemente de la calidad y en amplios rangos de pH, favorecidos por niveles de sustratos orgánicos derivados de la antropogénesis(AU)

In the investigation, the presence of geohelminths was determined and the environmental quality of the soil was evaluated through physicochemical parameters in the district of José Crespo y Castillo - Huánuco, Peru. Geohelminths were detected and quantified and the modal profiles and physicochemical properties were characterized based on the Soil Taxonomy, and contrast with the quality standard for cadmium (Cd) and determination of the environmental quality index of the soil using the main component analysis. Modal profiles are Fluventic Eutrudepts, Lithic Udorthents, Typic Dystrudepts, Typic Dystrudepts - Lithic Udorthents, Typic Dystrudepts - Typic Endoaquents, Typic Endoaquents, Typic Eutrudepts - Typic Eutrudepts, Typic Udifluvents, and Typic Udorthents; the physicochemical parameters texture, pH, organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available cadmium, effective cation exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, hydrogen, exchangeable bases and acids and percentage of aluminum saturation, determining that cadmium available is within the environmental quality standards of Peru; and the environmental quality index of the soil is 41.48%, having the qualification of a regular soil of environmental quality. And the contamination by Ascaris lumbricoides was in 25 of the pits (55.56%), present in the 8 types of cataloged soils, followed by the unicinarias represented by Necator americano and Ancylostoma duodenale in 14 pits (31.11%) of pH slightly to medium acid, and Taenias and Capilaria, both at 8.29%; As a public health risk, geohelminths remain in the soil for a long time, regardless of quality and in wide pH ranges, favored by levels of organic substrates derived from anthropogenesis(AU)

Translation and adaptation of the indoor environmental quality questionnaire to Brazilian portuguese

Introduction: Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) impacts well-being, performance, and mental and physical health. A questionnaire for assessing occupants' perception of IEQ was developed in English. This study aimed to translate this instrument into Brazilian Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian population.Methods: The translation and adaptation process consisted of forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, back translation review, harmonization, two cognitive debriefings, and finalization.Results: The final translated version included new questions and changed the scale to a visual-analog format. The clarity assessment showed that, after cognitive debriefings, all questions displayed satisfactory scores, with the majority rated higher than 9 on a 0-10 scale.Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IEQ questionnaire is a simple tool that can be employed in biomedical and building research to investigate the association of perceived IEQ with health-related parameters, as well as in architecture, engineering, and management projects. As a next step, a psychometric validation of the instrument will be performed.

Roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y calidad ecológica del río Muincha / Tophic roles of community of macroinvertebrates and ecological quality of the Muincha river

Introducción: El suelo en áreas rurales del municipio de Turmequé-Boyacá-Colombia está destinado para actividades agrícolas y pecuarias en un 89%, lo cual tiene influencia en el estado ecológico del río Muincha. Objetivo: establecer los roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y evaluar la calidad ecológica del río Muincha. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron 5 muestreos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados durante los meses de mayo, junio, agosto, septiembre y noviembre de 2005. Las muestras de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados fueron colectadas en cuatro estaciones, tomando dos puntos cada una en un tramo entre 2431 y 2820 msnm del Río Muincha en Turmequé. Para evaluar la calidad ecológica se usaron los índices BMWP/Col (análisis biológico), EPT (análisis biológico) e INSF (análisis fisicoquímico), y se establecieron los roles tróficos de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados. Resultados: según BMWP/Col e INSF el río presenta agua de calidad aceptable (aguas ligeramente contaminadas) o de regular calidad. El ecosistema se encuentra alterado como consecuencia de la acción antrópica (ganadería y agricultura), la estación III presentó mayor afectación, y la Estación IV menor afectación. La contaminación encontrada posiblemente se deba al mal uso del suelo, evidenciado con la presencia constante y considerable de Colectores, Recolectores, Detritívoros (Ordenes Diptera, Seriata, Haplotaxida y Arthicobdellida), por la presencia de amonio y los altos valores de nitrato y fosfato. Conclusión: Se identificó una clara relación entre la diversidad de macroinvertebrados, los roles tróficos de los macroinvertebrados, la calidad del agua y los usos del suelo (calidad ambiental).

Introduction: The soil in rural areas from the municipality of Turmequé-Boyacá-Colombia is destined to activities agricultural and livestock, it represents the 89%, which have influence in the ecological state of the Muincha river. Objective: to establish trophic roles of the macroinvertebrates community and to evaluate the ecological quality of the Muincha river. Materials and Methods: in 2015 five samplings were performed in the month of may, June, August, September and November. The macroinvertebrates community samples were collected in four stations, taking two points in every one in a section of the 2431 to 2820 slom, in the Muincha river (Turmequé). To evaluate the ecological quality, it´s used the indexes BMWP/Col (biological analyses), EPT (biological analyses) and INSF (physicochemical analyses), and itself established trophic roles of the macroinvertebrates community. Results: agree BMWP/Col and INSF the river present water of acceptable quality (contaminated slightly water) or regular quality. The ecosystem itself found altered as consequence of the anthropic action (livestock and agriculture), the station III showing more affectation, and the station IV less affectation. Therefore, it´s identified clear relation between the diversity of macroinvertebrates, the quality of water and the use of the soil. The contamination found is possibly due to the misuse of the soil, evidenced by the constant and considerable presence of Collectors - Collectors Collectors ­ Gatherers - Detritivores (Ordenes Diptera, Seriata, Haplotaxida y Arthicobdellida), by the presence of Ammonium and the high values of nitrate and phosphate. Conclusion: Therefore, it´s identify a clear relation between the diversity of macroinvertebrates, trophic roles of the macroinvertebrates, quality of water and the uses of soil (environmental quality).

ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E AMBIENTE: A INFLUÊNCIA DOS Parques verdes urbanos NA SAÚDE / Physical activity and environment: the influence of urban green spaces on health / Actividad física y ambiente: la influencia de los parques verdes urbanos en la salud

ABSTRACT Introduction: Urban green spaces can offer opportunities for regular physical activity, providing benefits in the lives of members of the population, such as physical, social and affective health. The aim of this article consists of analyzing the influence of urban green spaces on physical activity, focusing on urban environmental quality and the health of those who engage in physical activities in open areas. The study has a multidisciplinary approach from the perspective of environmental health. Method: The study design was based on qualitative research, using a bibliographic and document search as well as field surveys, whose technique involved direct observation (DO). The sample selection was based on Miot (2011), consisting of a total of 36 individuals aged between 18 and 40 years, who perform physical activities regularly, at least three times a week, for at least 50 minutes. Questionnaires were also applied using the IPAQ (assessment of physical activity) and Borg Scale parameters. Results: The study showed that the research participants became more active, possibly being stimulated and motivated by their surroundings with widespread vegetation cover, the good infrastructure of the venue and the guidance provided during the research. Conclusion: The research project showed that the greater the frequency and intensity of physical activity in open areas, the better the body's physiological adaptability. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic study.

RESUMO Introdução: Os parques verdes urbanos podem oferecer oportunidades para a prática regular de atividade física, proporcionando benefícios para a vida da população, como por exemplo, saúde física, social e afetiva. O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a influência dos parques verdes urbanos na prática de atividades físicas, focando-se na qualidade ambiental urbana e na saúde dos praticantes de atividades físicas em áreas abertas. O estudo tem uma abordagem multidisciplinar segundo a perspectiva da saúde ambiental. Método: O projeto de estudo baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e levantamentos de campo, cuja técnica contou com a observação direta (DO). A seleção da amostra foi baseada em Miot (2011), contando com36 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 40 anos que praticam regularmente atividades físicas, pelo menos, três vezes por semana, por no mínimo 50 minutos. Também foram realizados questionários utilizando o IPAC (nível de atividade física avaliado) e os parâmetros da Escala de Borg. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que os participantes da pesquisa se tornaram mais ativos, possivelmente, sendo estimulados e motivados pelo ambiente com grande presença de vegetação, a boa infraestrutura do local e as orientações feitas durante a pesquisa. Conclusão: A pesquisa mostrou que quanto maior a frequência e a intensidade da atividade física em áreas abertas, melhor é a adaptabilidade fisiológica do organismo. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prognóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los parques verdes urbanos pueden ofrecer oportunidades para la práctica regular de actividad física, proporcionando beneficios para la vida de la población, como por ejemplo, salud física, social y afectiva. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la influencia de los parques verdes urbanos en la práctica de actividades físicas, enfocándose en la calidad ambiental urbana y la salud de los practicantes de actividades físicas en áreas abiertas. El estudio tiene un abordaje multidisciplinario según la perspectiva de la salud ambiental. Método: El proyecto de estudio se basó en la investigación cualitativa, mediante búsqueda bibliográfica y documental, y levantamientos de campo, cuya técnica contó con la observación directa (OD). La selección de la muestra se basó en Miot (2011), contando con 36 individuos con edad entre 18 y 40 años, que practican regularmente actividades físicas, al menos tres veces por semana, durante al menos 50 minutos. También fueron realizados cuestionarios utilizando el IPAC (nivel de actividad física evaluado) y los parámetros de la Escala de Borg. Resultados: El estudio mostró que los participantes de la investigación se volvieron más activos, posiblemente siendo estimulados y motivados por el ambiente con gran presencia de vegetación y la buena infraestructura del local y las orientaciones realizadas durante la investigación. Conclusión: La investigación mostró que cuanto mayor es la frecuencia e intensidad de la actividad física en áreas abiertas, mejor es la adaptabilidad fisiológica del organismo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio pronóstico.

Analysis of histopathological abnormalities in the gills of Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characidae) for assessment of water quality in the Ijuí River, southern Brazil / Análisis de anormalidades histopatológicas en las branquias de Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characidae) para la evaluación de la calidad del agua del Río Ijuí, sur de Brasil

The aim of this study was to assess histopathological alterations in the gills of Astyanax jacuhiensis from different points along the Ijuí River and to determine if these abnormalities can be used as biomarkers in biomonitoring studies. Fish specimens were collected from three sites on the Ijuí River in winter and summer and examined histologically for abnormalities of the secondary lamellae of their gills. For each fish, estimates were made of the frequencies of lamellae with edema, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, epithelium lifting, lamellar fusion or deformation, in addition to the overall frequency of abnormal lamellae and the number of abnormalities per lamella. No differences were observed between sampling points during the winter. In summer the frequency of lamellae with hypertrophy was significantly higher at site 3 (Pirapó) than at site 2 (Santo Ângelo) and the frequency of abnormal lamellae was increased at site 1 (Ijuí) in comparison to site 3. Additionally, all three sample points had a significantly higher value in the winter than in the summer for one of the histological parameters analyzed. These results indicate temporal and spatial variation in the level of contamination of the Ijuí River and also shows that fish gill histopathology can be used for in situ biomonitoring studies.

El agua de la cuenca del río Ijuí, en el sur de Brasil, se utiliza principalmente para irrigar los cultivos y para el abastecimiento público de agua. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar alteraciones histopatológicas en las branquias de Astyanax jacuhiensis en diferentes puntos del Río Ijuí y determinar si tales anormalidades pueden ser usadas como biomarcadores en estudios de biomonitoramiento. Los especímenes fueron recolectados en tres puntos del río durante el invierno y el verano y luego las lamelas secundarias de las branquias fueron examinadas histológicamente para la presencia de anormalidades. Para cada pez se estimaron las frecuencias de lamelas con edema, hiperplasia, hipertrofia, desprendimiento del epitelio, fusión y deformación lamelar. Además, se obtuvieron las frecuencias de lamelas alteradas, así como el número medio de cambios por lamela. No se observaron diferencias entre los puntos de recolección durante el invierno. En el verano, la frecuencia de lamelas con hipertrofia fue significativamente mayor en el punto 3 (Pirapó) que en el punto 2 (Santo Angelo), y el punto 1 (Ijuí) presentó mayor frecuencia de lamelas alteradas que el punto 3. Además, en los tres puntos muestreados, el período de invierno presentó valores superiores para uno de los parámetros histológicos analizados. Estos resultados indican variación espacial y temporal en los niveles de contaminación del Río Ijuí y demuestran que el análisis histológico de las branquias de peces puede ser utilizado en estudios de monitoreo in situ.

The effect of seasonal and human pressure on macrobenthic fauna in the Caroni Swamp Ramsar Site, Trinidad and Tobago / Efecto de la presión estacional y humana en la fauna macrobentónica del sitio Ramsar pantano Caroní, Trinidad y Tobago

Abstract Human pressures have placed many tropical estuaries in developing countries under increased levels of stress. The Caroni Swamp Ramsar Site, the largest mangrove swamp along the west coast of Trinidad, has been subjected to high levels of anthropogenic impacts including hydrological alteration and pollution from land-based sources since the 1920's. While most of these impacts have been well documented, limited information exists on the macrobenthic communities in the swamp. This study addresses the paucity of information. The macrobenthic fauna in the main waterways of Caroni Swamp was sampled at 12 locations using a Van Veen 0.025 m2 grab, once in the dry (April) and wet (August) season of 2015 with a total of 144 samples. The samples were sorted, counted and species were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. A total of 55 taxa were identified with polychaetes being the most abundant taxa. The ecological status of the macrobenthos was assessed using AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and the multivariate-AMBI (M-AMBI). Physicochemical parameters were measured with a YSI multiparameter metre. Chemical analyses were also conducted on nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and reactive phosphates using standard methods. Overall, AMBI characterised the Caroni Swamp as "slightly disturbed" with a macrobenthic community of "poor" ecological status according to M-AMBI. Generally, the quality of the environment improves from the dry season to the wet season. However, seasonal variations in AMBI and M-AMBI were found to be site specific as some showed improvement in ecological status and macrozoobenthos quality while others showed degradation from the dry season to the wet season. The stations to the North of the swamp showed improvement from the dry season to the wet season while the opposite was observed in the more Southern stations. One notable characteristic of the swamp was the high levels of pollutants, particularly ammonia, recorded in one of its major waterways, the Caroni River. This is in contrast to the other waterways within the swamp which experience much lower levels of pollutant input from land-based sources. The assessment of the Caroni Swamp using AMBI and M-AMBI may be useful for informing management strategies to conserve the wetland and improve environmental quality. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1101-1117. Epub 2018 September 01.

Resumen Los estuarios tropicales de países en desarrollo han experimentado un aumento en los niveles de estrés debido a la presión humana. El sitio Ramsar pantano Caroní, el manglar más grande de la costa oeste de Trinidad, ha estado sujeto a altos niveles de impacto antropogénico, incluyendo alteraciones hidrológicas y contaminación de fuentes terrestres desde la década de 1920. Aunque la mayoría de estos impactos han sido bien documentados, existe información limitada sobre las comunidades macrobentónicas en el pantano. Este estudio aborda esta escasez de información. Se muestreó la fauna macrobentónica en el canal principal del pantano Caroní en 12 localidades utilizando una draga Van Veen de 0.025 m2, una vez durante la época seca (Abril) y la época lluviosa (Agosto) 2015, con un total de 144 muestras. Las muestras fueron ordenadas, contadas y las especies se identificaron al menor nivel taxonómico posible. Se identificaron un total de 55 taxa, siendo los poliquetos el taxa más abundante. El estatus ecológico del macrobentos se evaluó utilizando el Índice Marino Biótico de AZTI (AMBI) y el AMBI-multivariado (M-AMBI). Los parámetros fisicoquímicos se midieron con un multiparámetro YSI. Los análisis químicos también se realizaron para nitratos, nitritos, amonio y fostatos activos utilizando métodos estándar. En conjunto, el índice AMBI caracterizó el pantano Caroní como "levemente alterado" con una comunidad macrobentónica de categoría "pobre" de acuerdo al M-AMBI. Generalmente, la calidad de los ambientes incrementa desde la época seca hasta la época lluviosa. Sin embargo, las variaciones estacionales en los índices AMBI y M-AMBI fueron específicas a la localidad, mostrando algunas un incremento en el estatus ecológico y calidad del macrozoobentos, mientras que otros mostraron una degradación de la época seca a la época lluviosa. Las estaciones al norte del pantano mostraron una mejora de la época seca a la época lluviosa, mientras que se presentó lo contrario en las estaciones más al sur. Una característica notable del pantano fueron los altos niveles de contaminantes, particularmente amonio, registrado en uno de los canales principales del río Caroní. Esto contrasta con los otros canales del pantano que experimentan niveles menores de aporte de contaminantes de fuentes terrestres. La evaluación del pantano Caroní utilizando los índíces AMBI y M-AMBI puede ser una base útil de información para las estrategias de manejo y conservación del humedal y mejorar su calidad ambiental.

ÍNDICE DE ESTADO LIMNOLÓGICO FLUVIAL PARA LOS RÍOS DE LA CUENCA ALTA DEL RÍO CHICAMOCHA, BOYACÁ-COLOMBIA / INDEX OF FLUVIAL LIMNOLOGICAL STATE FOR THE RIVERS OF THE HIGH BASIN OF THE CHICAMOCHA RIVER, BOYACÁ-COLOMBIA

Se realizó un estudio sobre la cuenca alta del río Chicamocha en Boyacá- Colombia para la construcción de un índice multimétrico con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad ambiental y ecológica de los afluentes y la corriente principal del río Chicamocha. Se evaluaron cuarenta y siete variables entre biológicas, fisicoquímicas e hidráulicas en tres puntos de los ríos Tuta, Jordán y Surba, además de la corriente principal del río Chicamocha. Se seleccionaron nueve variables para la construcción del IELf (Índice de Estado Limnológico Fluvial) puntaje promedio por taxón de invertebrados (ASPT), coliformes totales, porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno disuelto, sólidos disueltos, fosfatos, nitritos, demanda biológica de oxígeno (DBO5), velocidad media de la corriente y profundidad relativa del cauce. De acuerdo con el IELf, el río de peor calidad fue el Jordán; en contraste, el río Surba presentó una condición aceptable. En general toda la cuenca oscila entre un estado malo y crítico (en época seca) debido a la contaminación difusa (proveniente de diversas fuentes) y a la reducción de los caudales. Por otra parte, al comparar el IELf con otros índices de calidad del agua (ICAs) internacionales y colombianos se concluyó que muestra un buen nivel discriminatorio de las condiciones de calidad ambiental y ecológica de sistemas lóticos andinos, como los de la cuenca alta del río Chicamocha.

A study was carried out on the upper Chicamocha river basin in Boyacá, Colombia for the construction of a multi metric index with the objective of evaluating the environmental and ecological quality of the tributaries and the main current of the Chicamocha River. Forty-seven variables between biological, physicochemical and hydraulic were evaluated at three points of the Tuta, Jordán and Surba rivers, in addition to the main stream of the Chicamocha River. Nine variables were selected for the construction of the FLSI (Fluvial Limnological State Index) average score per taxon (ASPT), total coliforms, percentage of dissolved oxygen saturation, dissolved solids, phosphates, nitrites, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), average speed of the current and relative depth of the riverbed.According to the FLSI, the worst quality river was the Jordan; in contrast, the Surba River presented an acceptable condition. In general, the whole basin oscillates between a bad and critical state (in the dry season) due to diffuse contamination (coming from different sources) and to the reduction of the flows. On the other hand, when comparing the FLSI with other international and Colombian water quality indexes (WQIs) it was concluded that it shows a good discriminatory level of environmental and ecological quality conditions of Andean lotic systems, such as those of the Chicamocha river upper basin.

Intervention efficacy of compliance to cleaning of frequently touch hospital object surfaces / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the cleanliness of frequently touched object surfaces in a hospital and efficacy of intervention measures.Methods Compliance to cleaning of frequently touched object surfaces before and after intervention was surveyed by fluorescence labeling method,SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze data.Results Before and after intervention,6 800 items in 400 wards were investigated,compliance rates to cleaning of hospital object surfaces before and after intervention were 14.71％ and 54.76％ respectively(P＜0.001);differences in compliance rates to cleaning of object surfaces in common wards and special wards before and after interven tion were both statistically significant(both P＜0.001);after intervention,compliance rates to cleaning of object surfaces in wards and toilets increased significantly compared with before intervention,which increased by 41.57％ and 33.00 ％ respectively,differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.001);after intervention,compliance rates to cleaning of different object surfaces increased by 21.50％-52.00％ (all P＜0.001).Conclusion Scientific and effective intervention measures can improve the cleaning effectiveness of frequently touched object surfaces,which can improve the environmental quality of hospital.

Demographic Structure, Environmental Quality and Resident Health Expenditures: Based on the Persoective of Spatial Econometrics / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To analyze the impacts of sustainable deterioration of environment quality and demographic structure adjustment on urban residents' health expenditure.Methods:Non-spatial panel model and spatial panel model were applied to use inter-provincial panel data to conduct the empirical analysis.Results:Environment quality,demographic age structure and interaction had significant impact on urban residents' health expenditure.Conclusion:Demographic structure transformation and environment quality deterioration were the two difficulties faced by China's medical and health system.The construction and reform of medical and health system should focus on these challenges.

Percepção da qualidade ambiental de localidades próximas ao Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Perception of environmental quality of nearby localities to the Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo verificar a diferença da percepção de residentes sobre a qualidade ambiental de duas localidades próximas à área de construção do Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro. Nove aspectos da qualidade ambiental (serviços de abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário e coleta de lixo; áreas de lazer; segurança pública; serviços de saúde; ruas; ar; rios) foram avaliados. Estudo transversal realizado com 240 residentes de Porto das Caixas e Manilha, ambos situados no município de Itaboraí-RJ, Brasil. A análise estatística envolveu o teste do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Área de lazer foi o fator percebido igualmente pelos participantes das duas localidades do estudo com pior qualidade. A percepção da qualidade dos serviços de saúde, segurança e saneamento diferiu significativamente entre os moradores das duas localidades estudadas. A piora da qualidade ambiental foi relacionada por 51% dos residentes de Porto das Caixas à ausência de medidas mitigatórias após a ocorrência de um acidente químico local em 2005. A priorização de intervenções deve ser baseada na percepção de grupos populacionais específicos como estratégia que possa permitir a redução de iniquidades em saúde ambiental em contextos de instalação e construção de indústrias de petróleo e gás.

Abstract This article aims to verify the residents’ perception difference on the environmental quality of two localities near the construction area of the Petrochemical Complex of Rio de Janeiro. Nine environmental quality aspects (water supply services, sewage and garbage collection; leisure areas; public security; health services; streets; air; rivers) were evaluated. Cross-sectional study conducted with 240 residents of the Porto das Caixas and Manilha, both of them located in Itaboraí city, RJ state, Brazil. The statistical analysis involved the chi-square test and Fisher´s exact test. Leisure Area was the factor perceived also by participants of both locations of the study with worse quality. The quality perception of health services, security and sanitation differed significantly among the inhabitants of the two studied localities. The worsening of environmental quality was related by 51% of the residents of Porto das Caixas to the absence of mitigatory measures after the occurrence of a local chemical accident in 2005. The prioritization of interventions should be based on the perception of specific population groups such as strategy that can allow a reduction of environmental health inequities in installation and construction contexts of the oil and gas industries.

Potential ecological distribution of alien mollusk Corbicula largillierti and its relationship with human disturbance in a semi-arid reservoir / Potencial ecológico de distribuição do molusco alienígena Corbicula largillierti e sua relação com perturbação humana em um reservatório no semiárido

The introduction of exotic mollusk species has resulted in loss of biodiversity in semi-arid neotropical aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to relate the presence and density of Corbicula largillierti species to human disturbance, providing data for the conservation and management of aquatic ecosystems. Specimens were collected at Epitácio Pessoa reservoir in December 2011 and June 2012, presenting densities of 20.96 and 62.89 individuals per square meter, respectively. Anthropic disturbance metrics were calculated considering the presence, type and intensity of disturbance in littoral, riparian and flood zones. The occurrence of C. largillierti was mainly associated to the variables total phosphorus (261.05 ± 342.22 µg/L) and total nitrogen (440.79 ± 103.77 µg/L), near to tributaries. The occurrence of exotic mollusk species is evidence of the need for freshwater ecosystem conservation and management, particularly in reservoirs used for water supply.

A introdução de espécies exóticas de moluscos resulta em perda de biodiversidade em ecossistemas aquáticos semiáridos neotropicais. Este estudo tem o objetivo de relacionar a presença e densidade da espécie Corbicula largillierti ao distúrbio humano, fornecendo dados para a conservação e manejo de ecossistemas aquáticos. Os espécimes foram coletados no reservatório Epitácio Pessoa em dezembro de 2011 e junho de 2012, com densidades de 20,96 e 62,89 indivíduos por metro quadrado, respectivamente. Métricas de perturbação antrópica foram calculadas considerando a presença, tipo e intensidade de perturbação nas zonas litorânea, ribeirinha e de inundação. A ocorrência de C. largillerti esteve associada ès variáveis fósforo total (261,05 ± 342,22 μg/L) e nitrogênio total (440,79 ± 103,77 μg/L), em locais próximos aos afluentes. A ocorrência de espécies exóticas de moluscos evidencia a necessidade de conservação e manejo de ecossistemas de água doce, principalmente em reservatórios utilizados para abastecimento de água.

Conocimiento y valoración de la calidad ambiental de la Reserva Forestal Bosque Yotoco: perspectiva psicoambiental / Knowledge and environmental assessment of forest reserve forest Yotoco quality: environmental psychology perspective

El presente trabajo de investigación se enmarca en el campo de la Psicología Ambiental y tuvo como propósito describir los conocimientos y las valoraciones que las personas expresaron sobre la calidad ambiental de la Reserva Forestal Bosque de Yotoco (Valle del Cauca, Colombia), así como descubrir sugerencias implícitas o explicitas pertinentes para el mejoramiento de la calidad ambiental del ecosistema en mención. Los participantes fueron algunos de los visitantes a la reserva desde el año 1994 hasta el 2011. Este estudio utilizó una estrategia metodológica cualitativa. Los datos analizados se obtuvieron a través del muestreo al azar de los libros de registro de visitantes, en el cual éstos escriben los comentarios sobre el carácter de su experiencia inmediatamente culminan el recorrido de la misma. Los resultados son ampliamente favorables hacia el reconocimiento de la calidad ambiental de la Reserva en sus aspectos físicos, bióticos y especialmente los psicosociales. Se destacan algunos comentarios relacionados con la apreciación del paisaje, la importancia como fuente originaria y regula-dora de agua, el ser uno de los pocos "sobrevivientes" de bosque en la vertiente oriental de la cordillera occidental colombiana, la buena atención de los funcionarios y su posibilidad para la educación ambiental pertinente.

The present research is framed in the field of environmental psychology and was aimed to describe the knowledge and assessments that people expressed about the environmental quality of the forest Forest Reserve Yotoco (Colombia), and discover relevant implicit or explicit suggestions to improve the environmental quality of the ecosystem in question. Participants were among the visitors to the Reserve during the years 1994 through 2011. This study used a qualitative methodological strategy. The data analyzed were obtained through random sampling of the record books of visitors where they write comments on the nature of their experience immediately culminate the course of it. The results are very favorable towards the recognition of the environmental quality of the Reserve in its physical, biotic and especially psychosocial aspects. The study highlights some reviews related to the appreciation of the landscape, the importance as originating and regulating water supply, one of the few to be "survivors" of forest on the eastern slope of the Colombian Western Cordillera, good care provided by the staff and the possibility for the relevant environmental education.

Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Biomonitoramento do potencial genotóxico do ar em Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea sob condições climáticas na bacia do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Abstract The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos do ar atmosférico sobre Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea em áreas urbanas com diferentes intensidades de tráfego veicular e em fragmentos de mata ciliar na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), considerando a influência de condições climáticas prevalecentes nesses ambientes. Bimensalmente, de maio de 2012 a março de 2013, ramos com botões florais foram expostos por 8 h em ambientes urbanos e de mata ciliar nos municípios de Caraá, Taquara e Campo Bom nos trechos superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente, da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos. Simultaneamente, foram realizados controles negativos e levantados dados climáticos. Frequências de micronúcleos (MCN) foram determinadas em tétrades jovens de células-mãe de grãos de pólen e expressas como MCN/100 tétrades. Frequências de MCN significativamente superiores foram observadas em botões expostos nos ambientes urbanos e de matas ciliares em Taquara (até 7,23 e 4,80, respectivamente) e Campo Bom (até 4,90 e 4,23, respectivamente) do que em botões expostos em Caraá (até 2,90 e 2,50, respectivamente), na maioria das amostragens, e em relação ao controle negativo (até 1,93) em todos os meses. Ao longo do período monitorado, ocorreram variações significativas nas frequências de MCN em todos os pontos amostrais, com exceção do ambiente urbano de Caraá. Para os ambientes urbanos, foi observada relação entre a frequência de MCN, tráfego veicular e temperatura média. Para os fragmentos de mata ciliar, não houve associação entre a frequência de MCN e fatores climáticos. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea pode ser considerada uma ferramenta útil para apontar áreas com poluição atmosférica aumentada, desde que, sob condições climáticas severas, a exposição das plantas seja evitada, para minimizar o efeito destas sobre a formação de micronúcleos.

Biomonitoring the genotoxic potential of the air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea under climatic conditions in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract The present study evaluated the genotoxic effects of the atmospheric air on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in urban areas with different intensities of vehicular traffic and in riparian forest fragments in the Sinos River Basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), considering the influence of climatic conditions prevailing in these environments. Bimonthly, from May 2012 to March 2013, cuttings with flower buds were exposed for 8 h in urban and riparian forest environments in the municipalities of Caraá, Taquara and Campo Bom in the upper, middle and lower sections, respectively, of the Sinos River Basin. Simultaneously, negative controls were made and climatic data were recorded. Micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were determined in young tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Significantly higher MCN frequencies were observed in buds exposed in urban and riparian forest environments in Taquara (up to 7.23 and 4.80, respectively) and Campo Bom (up to 4.90 and 4.23, respectively) than in buds exposed in Caraá (up to 2.90 and 2.50, respectively), in the majority of samplings, and in relation to the negative control (up to 1.93) in all months. Over the course of the period monitored, there were significant variations in MCN frequencies at all sampling points, with the exception of the urban environment in Caraá. For the urban environments, relation between the MCN frequency, vehicular traffic and mean temperature was observed. For the riparian forest fragments, there was no association between MCN frequency and climatic factors. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea can be considered a useful tool to point out areas with increased atmospheric pollution, since the exposure of plants under severe climatic conditions is avoided to minimize their negative influence on the formation of micronuclei.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos genotóxicos do ar atmosférico sobre Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea em áreas urbanas com diferentes intensidades de tráfego veicular e em fragmentos de mata ciliar na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), considerando a influência de condições climáticas prevalecentes nesses ambientes. Bimensalmente, de maio de 2012 a março de 2013, ramos com botões florais foram expostos por 8 h em ambientes urbanos e de mata ciliar nos municípios de Caraá, Taquara e Campo Bom nos trechos superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente, da Bacia do Rio dos Sinos. Simultaneamente, foram realizados controles negativos e levantados dados climáticos. Frequências de micronúcleos (MCN) foram determinadas em tétrades jovens de células-mãe de grãos de pólen e expressas como MCN/100 tétrades. Frequências de MCN significativamente superiores foram observadas em botões expostos nos ambientes urbanos e de matas ciliares em Taquara (até 7,23 e 4,80, respectivamente) e Campo Bom (até 4,90 e 4,23, respectivamente) do que em botões expostos em Caraá (até 2,90 e 2,50, respectivamente), na maioria das amostragens, e em relação ao controle negativo (até 1,93) em todos os meses. Ao longo do período monitorado, ocorreram variações significativas nas frequências de MCN em todos os pontos amostrais, com exceção do ambiente urbano de Caraá. Para os ambientes urbanos, foi observada relação entre a frequência de MCN, tráfego veicular e temperatura média. Para os fragmentos de mata ciliar, não houve associação entre a frequência de MCN e fatores climáticos. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea pode ser considerada uma ferramenta útil para apontar áreas com poluição atmosférica aumentada, desde que, sob condições climáticas severas, a exposição das plantas seja evitada, para minimizar o efeito destas sobre a formação de micronúcleos.